哪些专业最抢手？2019年“考研热”背后的10个“真相” (豆瓣 CFA LEVEL1(特许金融分析师)小组)

{"blocks":[{"key":"2f7ac","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"3u1up","text":" ","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":0}],"data":{}},{"key":"6gtqu","text":"转自：麦可思研究","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":3,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"1abmu","text":"伴随“考研”热度的持续攀升，“考研热”背后的数据成为大家关心的焦点，我们整理了中国教育在线发布的《2019年全国研究生招生调查报告》、中国研究生招生信息网发布的《2015—2018硕士研究生报考数据分析报告》，以及麦可思发布的《2018年中国大学生就业报告》的部分数据，为大家一一揭秘考研热背后的“真相”。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"d5pop","text":"一、考研热度空前","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":8,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"6ae3p","text":" ","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":1}],"data":{}},{"key":"fekdc","text":"可以看出，2019年全国硕士研究生报名人数290万人，较上一年激增52万人，增幅达到21.8%，成为近十余年增幅最大的一年。除2015年硕士研究生报名人数结束两年下滑趋势，之后开始迅速增长，5年来增加了125万人。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"e0019","text":" ","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":2}],"data":{}},{"key":"3g72p","text":"麦可思数据显示，中国2017届本科毕业生在国内读研比例为14.1%，比2016届（13.4%）高0.7个百分点，比2015届（13.5%）高0.6个百分点。“双一流”院校2017届毕业生国内读研的比例为28.5%，非“双一流”本科院校2017届毕业生国内读研的比例为11.2%。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"3e06i","text":"二、河南、江西、河北报考人数增幅较大","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":18,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"e56v2","text":"据中国教育在线调查数据显示，具体到各省的报名人数，河南、江西、河北增幅较大，分别达到25.6%、24.8%、22.1%。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"9lu1i","text":"三、往届生考试人数占比接近半数","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":15,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"9qgg","text":"高校毕业生数量近年来呈增长趋势，高校毕业生规模的扩大，成为考研群体增加的重要推手。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"5d2fd","text":"中国教育在线数据显示，2018年考研生中，往届生占比达到45%，接近半数，非全日制招生纳入统考之后，往届生占比进一步扩大。此次报名人数构成中，往届生占比上升较快，辽宁、河北等省份往届生占比已经超过40%，接近半数，往届生成为考生中的重要组成部分。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"7g2fj","text":"四、考研最大动力是提高就业竞争力","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":16,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"cebsq","text":" ","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":3}],"data":{}},{"key":"d4i3a","text":"麦可思数据显示，2017届本科毕业生读研的主要动机是就业前景好（55%）和职业发展需要（51%）。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"4fqgv","text":"这意味着在当前我国面临经济结构转型、消费升级、高等教育整体规模日益扩大的背景下，考生对于提升自我竞争力的要求越来越高。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"68vkf","text":"五、工业类专业占比最高","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":11,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"8vnpf","text":"中国教育在线数据显示，各学科招生情况看，教育学、工学、管理学在2017年大幅增加，分别达到5.4万、25万、11.6万人，较上一年增幅达到70%、27%、61%。工学占比依旧最高，比例达35%。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"f3v0m","text":"同时，报考热度较高的专业中，工商管理、法律（非法学）、会计、金融等专业在各高校中出现频率较高。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"boiu3","text":"六、医学、法学、管理学类专业分数线上涨","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":19,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"a1hdt","text":"从中国教育在线发布的数据来看，工学招生体量最大，但报名人数明显不如管理类、法学类、医学类专业，大量高校工学类专业出现报名人数低于计划数，甚至无人报考的局面。整体来看，工学分数线逐年下降，医学、法学、管理类专业学位分数线成上涨趋势。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"2km9d","text":"而从下图的数据，我们可以看出医学类学生读研积极性最高，占比各学科门类的25.7%，或许这是医学专业分数线上涨的原因之一。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"8vn23","text":" ","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":4}],"data":{}},{"key":"eu7pk","text":"七、专硕规模扩大","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":8,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"d93k4","text":"中国从2009年开始全面招收全日制专业学位硕士研究生，专业硕士研究生规模持续扩大。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"1btf8","text":"经过几年的发展，考生报考意愿不断提升，专业研究生的比例日益提高，在2017年招生人数首次超过学术型研究生。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"b5jg1","text":" ","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":5}],"data":{}},{"key":"3g29f","text":"八、半数专业不愿报非全日制研究生","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":16,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"60bjc","text":"非全日制研究生从2017年纳入统考以来，很多高校一直面临生源不足问题。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"4p2dc","text":"从中国教育在线发布的数据来看，对于非全日制纳入统考，统一标准，近半数考生认为对自己没有影响，不考虑非全日制。仍有近四分之一的考生不清楚该政策。虽然大量高校的非全日制专业招生靠调剂来完成，但调查显示，超过七成的考生并不愿意调剂到非全日制专业。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"82doo","text":"对于不愿调剂到非全日制专业的原因，46%的考生担心毕业后非全日制文凭不被就业单位认可。虽然国家规定全日制与非全日制研究生学历具有相同法律地位，但目前多数事业单位的招聘要求为全日制研究生，随着2017年招收第一批列入统考的非全日制研究生毕业，非全日制研究生需要国家和社会给予更多的政策支持与关注。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"csirq","text":"六、高校推免比例扩大","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":10,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"b9ueh","text":"目前，全国366所高校具有推免资格，其中“双一流”建设高校占比37%。据统计，“双一流”建设高校的推免生是名校推免生源主要群体，部分名校占比超过九成。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"4l13g","text":" ","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":6}],"data":{}},{"key":"5c4c1","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"526h9","text":" ","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":7}],"data":{}},{"key":"8uk2j","text":"虽然部分考生认为推免政策带来一些新的争议，但从招生单位来看，超过九成认为推免生质量高于统考生，超过六成认为推免生政策更公平。在高校推免比例逐年扩大、往届生占比逐年增长的背景下，普通高校考生、往届生读研竞争压力将进一步放大。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"63tiv","text":"十、管理学专业学生最爱跨专业考研","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":16,"style":"BOLD"}],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"e3irc","text":" ","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":8}],"data":{}},{"key":"28eni","text":"","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}},{"key":"6t4p8","text":" ","type":"atomic","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[{"offset":0,"length":1,"key":9}],"data":{}},{"key":"7b3t","text":"在2017届读研的本科毕业生中，有27%的学生转换了专业。其中，“双一流”院校为22%，非“双一流”本科院校为28%。然而，在2017届本科学科门类中，读研转换专业比例最高的是管理学（45%），最低的是医学（14%）。","type":"unstyled","depth":0,"inlineStyleRanges":[],"entityRanges":[],"data":{}}],"entityMap":{"0":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"src":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616074.jpg","width":500,"thumb":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/small/public/p158616074.jpg","file_size":31456,"url":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616074.jpg","file_name":"640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1","is_animated":false,"id":"158616074","height":211,"entityKey":"13","caption":"本文综合整理自：中国教育在线、中国研究生招生信息网"}},"1":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"src":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616078.jpg","width":500,"thumb":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/small/public/p158616078.jpg","file_size":14826,"url":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616078.jpg","file_name":"640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1","is_animated":false,"id":"158616078","height":316,"entityKey":"14","caption":"数据来源：中国教育在线"}},"2":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"src":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616079.jpg","width":500,"thumb":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/small/public/p158616079.jpg","file_size":29420,"url":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616079.jpg","file_name":"640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1","is_animated":false,"id":"158616079","height":420,"entityKey":"15"}},"3":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"src":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616080.jpg","width":500,"thumb":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/small/public/p158616080.jpg","file_size":36760,"url":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616080.jpg","file_name":"640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1","is_animated":false,"id":"158616080","height":451,"entityKey":"16"}},"4":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"src":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616081.jpg","width":500,"thumb":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/small/public/p158616081.jpg","file_size":30368,"url":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616081.jpg","file_name":"640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1","is_animated":false,"id":"158616081","height":576,"entityKey":"17"}},"5":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"src":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616082.jpg","width":492,"thumb":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/small/public/p158616082.jpg","file_size":13670,"url":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616082.jpg","file_name":"640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1","is_animated":false,"id":"158616082","height":308,"entityKey":"18","caption":"数据来源：中国教育在线"}},"6":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"src":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616083.jpg","width":481,"thumb":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/small/public/p158616083.jpg","file_size":8686,"url":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616083.jpg","file_name":"640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1","is_animated":false,"id":"158616083","height":289,"entityKey":"19"}},"7":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"src":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616084.jpg","width":481,"thumb":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/small/public/p158616084.jpg","file_size":7876,"url":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616084.jpg","file_name":"640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1","is_animated":false,"id":"158616084","height":289,"entityKey":"20","caption":"数据来源：中国教育在线"}},"8":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"src":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616085.jpg","width":500,"thumb":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/small/public/p158616085.jpg","file_size":23696,"url":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616085.jpg","file_name":"640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1","is_animated":false,"id":"158616085","height":541,"entityKey":"21"}},"9":{"type":"IMAGE","mutability":"IMMUTABLE","data":{"src":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616086.jpg","width":500,"thumb":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/small/public/p158616086.jpg","file_size":32724,"url":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/group_topic/l/public/p158616086.jpg","file_name":"640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1","is_animated":false,"id":"158616086","height":716,"entityKey":"22"}}}}